PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What are the causative agents of esophageal strictures?

1. Inflammatory bowel disease, radiation

2. GERD, iatrogenic factors, caustic substances

3. Infection, obesity, smoking

4. High fiber diet, stress, excess caffeine

The correct answer is: GERD, iatrogenic factors, caustic substances

Esophageal strictures can occur due to various factors that lead to narrowing of the esophagus, and understanding the causative agents is crucial for effective diagnosis and management. The correct response identifies GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), iatrogenic factors, and caustic substances as significant contributors to esophageal strictures. GERD is a common condition where the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close properly, allowing stomach acid to irritate the lining of the esophagus over time. This chronic irritation can lead to inflammation and the formation of scar tissue, resulting in a stricture. Iatrogenic factors refer to complications that arise from medical treatment or intervention. For example, surgeries involving the esophagus or procedures like endoscopy can sometimes lead to scarring and strictures due to inadvertent injury to esophageal tissues or the formation of post-operative scar tissue. Caustic substances, such as strong acids or alkalis, can cause severe damage to the esophageal lining when ingested accidentally or intentionally. This chemical injury can lead to inflammation and fibrosis, ultimately resulting in an esophageal stricture as healing occurs. While inflammatory bowel disease and radiation can contribute to gastrointestinal strictures in other areas of the digestive tract, they are less