PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with known cardiac disease undergoing surgery?

1. Increased fluid resuscitation

2. Aggressive pain management

3. Beta blockers

4. Antibiotic prophylaxis

The correct answer is: Beta blockers

The use of beta blockers in patients with known cardiac disease undergoing surgery has been shown to improve outcomes significantly. This is largely because beta blockers can help reduce the risk of perioperative cardiac events, such as myocardial infarction and cardiac arrhythmias. They work by decreasing heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand, which is particularly important during the stress of surgery when the body experiences increased physiological strain. Patients with pre-existing cardiac conditions are at higher risk during surgical procedures due to potential hemodynamic instability. The preoperative use of beta blockers has been validated in various studies, which indicate a reduction in both short-term and long-term cardiac complications in at-risk populations. This pharmacological intervention is often part of a comprehensive approach to enhancing cardiac safety in the perioperative period, which may also include optimization of other medical conditions and careful monitoring during and after surgery.