PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What is a potential cause for acute dyspnea on exertion that involves airway obstruction?

1. Chronic bronchitis

2. Pleural effusion

3. Anaphylaxis

4. Heart failure

The correct answer is: Anaphylaxis

Acute dyspnea on exertion can be caused by airway obstruction, and anaphylaxis is a significant potential cause in this context. Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can lead to swelling in the airway and bronchospasm, resulting in difficulty breathing. The rapid onset of symptoms, such as stridor, wheezing, and chest tightness, is characteristic of this condition and can set in shortly after exposure to an allergen. The airway obstruction caused by anaphylaxis can rapidly progress, making it particularly important for medical professionals to recognize and respond promptly. Treatment often involves the administration of epinephrine, which can quickly mitigate airway swelling and bronchospasm, improving airflow and alleviating dyspnea. In contrast, while chronic bronchitis does involve airway obstruction, it typically is a chronic condition rather than presenting acutely. Pleural effusion usually results in dyspnea due to fluid accumulation in the pleural space rather than direct airway obstruction. Heart failure can lead to dyspnea as well, often related to fluid overload and pulmonary congestion, but it does not specifically result from airway obstruction. Thus, anaphylaxis stands out as a direct cause of acute airway obstruction leading to dyspnea on