PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What is recommended for tumors under 4 cm in size to reduce recurrence rates?

1. Mastectomy

2. Chemotherapy

3. Lumpectomy

4. Observation

The correct answer is: Lumpectomy

Lumpectomy is the recommended approach for tumors under 4 cm in size as it involves the surgical removal of the tumor along with a margin of healthy tissue. This technique is part of breast-conserving surgery and has been shown to effectively reduce recurrence rates when coupled with adjuvant radiation therapy. It allows for the preservation of breast tissue while targeting the cancer, ensuring a thorough eradication of malignancy. In this context, lumpectomy has the benefit of being associated with outcomes that are comparable to those achieved with mastectomy, particularly in early-stage breast cancers. Additionally, studies indicate that patients who undergo lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy experience lower recurrence rates compared to those who do not receive any intervention or who undergo less effective treatment methods. Other treatment options such as mastectomy may be necessary for larger tumors or specific adverse features but do not specifically address the recurrence risk for tumors under 4 cm. Chemotherapy is generally used for more advanced disease or higher-risk tumors, while observation alone is more appropriate for non-invasive conditions or very small tumors that show no signs of aggressive behavior.