PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What is the expected outcome for patients unwilling to undergo radiation therapy after lumpectomy?

1. They are less likely to experience a good cosmetic outcome

2. They will benefit equally from the surgery

3. They will have a lower risk of recurrence

4. They should pursue chemotherapy only

The correct answer is: They are less likely to experience a good cosmetic outcome

Patients who choose not to undergo radiation therapy after a lumpectomy typically face a higher likelihood of experiencing suboptimal cosmetic outcomes due to the potential for tumor recurrence or residual disease. Radiation therapy plays a crucial role in decreasing the risk of local recurrence following lumpectomy, which is aimed at preserving breast tissue while removing the tumor. Without radiation, the chances of any remaining cancerous cells leading to recurrence are heightened, which can impact the breast's appearance over time, especially if a second surgical intervention becomes necessary. Moreover, optimal cosmesis is often associated with both complete tumor resection and subsequent radiation, as the radiation helps to prevent localized tumor regrowth that would necessitate additional surgery. Therefore, the expected outcome for those not receiving radiation tends to compromise the aesthetic result, emphasizing the importance of radiation therapy in the post-operative management of breast cancer to enhance both recurrence rates and cosmetic results.