PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What typically accompanies the symptom of hematemesis in the case of a ruptured pancreatic pseudocyst?

1. Excessive sweating

2. Diarrhea

3. Pain radiating to the back

4. Weak and rapid heartbeat

The correct answer is: Weak and rapid heartbeat

In the case of a ruptured pancreatic pseudocyst, hematemesis, which is the vomiting of blood, can occur due to the erosion of nearby blood vessels or due to vascular complications associated with pancreatitis. When a pancreatic pseudocyst ruptures, it can lead to significant abdominal pain and systemic effects. A weak and rapid heartbeat can indicate a state of shock or significant blood loss, which could occur if there is a rupture leading to internal bleeding. This systemic response is critical to recognize because patients may have compromised hemodynamics due to the acute processes happening in the abdomen. The rupture of a pseudocyst can lead to peritonitis or hemorrhagic complications, both of which can contribute to a weak and rapid pulse as the body tries to compensate for blood loss and maintain vital organ perfusion. This symptom is particularly relevant in a clinical setting where monitoring for signs of shock is crucial, and understanding the association between hematemesis and this cardiovascular manifestation can guide further management and intervention. Other symptoms may accompany a ruptured pseudocyst, but the link between hematemesis and a weak and rapid heartbeat in the context of significant bleeding makes this choice stand out as the most fitting.