PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma?

1. Hepatitis B virus

2. High alcohol consumption

3. Obesity

4. Aflatoxin exposure

The correct answer is: Obesity

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is primarily linked to several well-established risk factors, including chronic viral infections, exposure to certain toxins, and lifestyle factors. Hepatitis B virus is a significant risk factor for HCC. Chronic infection with this virus can lead to ongoing liver inflammation, cirrhosis, and ultimately, liver cancer. High alcohol consumption is also a well-known risk factor as it can cause liver damage, leading to cirrhosis, which significantly increases the risk of developing liver cancer. Aflatoxins, which are naturally occurring toxins produced by certain molds, are known carcinogens and are associated with a higher incidence of HCC, particularly in regions where food storage may lead to contamination. Obesity, while associated with several health issues, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is not traditionally recognized as a direct risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma like the others mentioned. Although obesity can lead to chronic liver disease, the link to HCC is not as direct as it is with chronic viral infections or exposure to certain carcinogens. Understanding the nuanced role of lifestyle factors in liver health is essential; however, chronic viral infections, excessive alcohol intake, and exposure to aflatox