PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

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Which type of esophageal cancer is most prevalent worldwide?

Barrett's esophagus
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Lymphoma

The correct answer is: Squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent type of esophageal cancer worldwide. This form of cancer arises from the squamous cells that line the esophagus and is especially common in certain geographic regions, particularly in parts of Asia and Africa. Its prevalence is influenced by various risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary habits, which vary across different populations. Barrett's esophagus is a condition that can lead to esophageal adenocarcinoma, but it is not considered a type of cancer itself and is more prevalent in Western countries due to factors like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Adenocarcinoma is indeed on the rise in Western societies and is becoming more common, but when considering global statistics, squamous cell carcinoma remains the predominant type. Lymphoma, although it can occur in the esophagus, is rare compared to the aforementioned types of esophageal cancer.